A TEAM of scientists, including experts from Heriot-Watt University, is spearheading development of solar laser technology designed to provide sustainable power for space missions.
Drawing inspiration from photosynthesis in nature, the €4m APACE project aims to convert sunlight directly into laser beams for energy transmission over vast distances.
The innovative system could facilitate the transmission of power over vast distances such as between satellites, from satellites to lunar bases, and even back to Earth, transforming the way space operations and global energy needs are addressed.
The project, funded by the European Innovation Council and Innovate UK, unites researchers from the UK, Italy, Germany, and Poland.
By repurposing natural light-harvesting antennas from photosynthetic bacteria, the team intends to create a laser material capable of channelling solar energy efficiently, bypassing traditional electricity-based systems.
Professor Erik Gauger from Heriot-Watt’s Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, leading the theoretical modelling, explained the significance of this approach: “Sustainable generation of power in space, without relying on perishable components sent from Earth, represents a big challenge.
“Yet, living organisms are experts at being self-sufficient and harnessing self-assembly.
“Our project not only takes biological inspiration but goes one step beyond by piggybacking on functionality that already exists in the photosynthetic machinery of bacteria to achieve a breakthrough in space power.
“Regular sunlight is usually too weak to power a laser directly, but these special bacteria are incredibly efficient at collecting and channelling sunlight through their intricately designed light-harvesting structures, effectively amplifying energy flux by several orders of magnitude.
“This technology has the potential to revolutionise how we power space operations, making exploration more sustainable while also advancing clean energy technology here on Earth.”
The team’s initial steps involve studying bacteria with advanced molecular antenna structures evolved to thrive in low-light conditions.
These organisms can capture nearly every photon of light and channel its energy with exceptional efficiency.
Artificial light-harvesting structures will also be developed and integrated with new laser materials for testing.
Unlike conventional solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity, this system will directly channel solar energy into laser beams, providing a more efficient solution for space environments.
The first prototype is expected to be ready within three years, with potential applications ranging from powering satellites to enabling lunar and Mars missions.
The technology could also pave the way for new clean energy solutions on Earth, aligning with the global push for sustainable innovation.
Professor Gauger emphasised the broad potential impact: “All major space agencies have lunar or Mars missions in their plans, and we hope to help power them.
“This breakthrough could make space exploration more sustainable while benefiting terrestrial energy needs, marking a new era for renewable energy in and beyond our world.”
