How your favourite tipple could help remove CO2 and boost biodiversity

‘Climatarianism’ may be the latest thinking for planet-conscious diners, but what about when it comes to drinks? These spirit brands focus on nature, climate and pollinators

What are you drinking? An easy enough question. But I’m clinking through my booze cupboard – three types of whisky, two half-drunk bottles of gin, a cheap bottle of brandy used for a cake – and I’m still not entirely sure.

Barley? Juniper berries? The bottles don’t say. It seems there’s a large disconnect between agriculture and alcohol, a point that Stephanie Jordan, the CEO of Avallen Spirits, makes: we no longer really know what we’re drinking.

“Take out a bottle of vodka, gin or whisky,” says Jordan, “and virtually none have ingredients listed.”

She’s right. Spirit brands are under no legal obligation to identify their ingredients. But even if they did, drinkers looking to make climate-friendly choices wouldn’t likely be particularly inspired.

Avallen has set itself the challenge of making the alcohol industry more transparent. Image: Avallen

The main problem is industrial-scale agriculture. Grains grown for alcohol, such as two-row spring barley for whisky, are usually planted as monocultures. This normally means higher pesticide use, greater soil degradation, reduced biodiversity and increased water demand.

“Alcohol is not this accidental thing that man just invented,” believes Jordan. “It’s a gift – the gift of nature.” And it’s that gift that a new generation of climate-positive spirit brands are harnessing. They want biodiversity at the bar.

So, what are the ingredients listed on bottles of Avallen calvados? Crisp French apples. Oh, and water. That’s it.

Sourced from orchards in Normandy, where wildflowers and grasses grow freely among the trees, cattle roam the fields and rainwater is used for irrigation, a lifecycle analysis found that each bottle removes 2.73kg of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) from the atmosphere. This is because the apple trees sequester carbon.

Alcohol is not this accidental thing that man just invented. It’s a gift – the gift of nature

The area in France where Calvados is produced is also designated as an appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC). This means its production is low-intervention by law.

“Consumers have the power to demand transparency and change,” says Jordan, “and if that isn’t forthcoming from one brand, then go find one that is.”

Arbikie Distillery in Scotland could be a contender. It runs a single-estate, ‘field-to-bottle’ operation. This means growing everything needed to produce its gins, vodkas and whiskies on-site.

Orchards in Normandy are required by law to be naturally irrigated and left unmown. Image: Marina Khrapova

“We want to become one of the world’s most sustainable distilleries,” says founder Iain Stirling. “[But] like everyone else, we are on a journey and will continue to innovate and improve.”

Made from peas, the company’s Nàdar Gin is the world’s first climate-positive gin. The legumes draw nitrogen from the air, reducing the need for synthetic fertiliser. The ‘pot ale’ – a co-product of the first distillation – is then used to feed the farm’s cows, instead of imported soy, which is linked to deforestation. A peer-reviewed life-cycle analysis found each bottle avoids 1.54kg CO2e from entering the atmosphere.

“As a farm-based distillery, we start with the soil, seed and our natural environment. This sets the tone for our whole growing and production process,” says Stirling. It’s been difficult at times, he admits, including financially. But he now sees more natural diversity in the fields, more pollinators and better soil structure. The farm relies less on chemicals too.

The Oxford Artisan Distillery grows heritage grains to help boost biodiversity. Image: Oxford Artisan Distillery

So how can more of us sip spirits that prevent climate change? “Seek out those producers that are making the effort,” he says.

Also, listen to the science. Climatarian diets – food that puts the planet first – are becoming more popular as scientists urge us to eat a wider variety of plants and grains to help meet climate goals.

The Oxford Artisan Distillery is going one step further and growing varieties of wheat and rye not seen in the UK since the late medieval period.

“We always wanted to do things a little bit differently,” says the company’s head of distilling Francisco Rosa, “so we were lucky to find our archaeobotanist, John Letts: a kind of Canadian mad scientist.”

Consumers have the power to demand change. If that isn’t forthcoming from one brand, then find one that is

For more than 20 years, Letts collected ancient varieties of grains from gene banks across the world, including some 200 examples that were found in thatched roofs across Oxfordshire.

They are now grown within a 50-mile radius of the distillery. Rosa believes the heritage gains have improved the flavour of their spirits.

“The grains might be smaller, but their nutrient density is incredible,” he says. “They’re rich with amino acids, vitamins and sugars. It gives our spirits a more concentrated flavour.”

This means a bottle of Oxford Rye Organic Vodka, distilled with the highest concentration of alcohol possible, can still have a complex taste.

The Oxford Artisan Distillery’s ‘mad scientists’, John Letts. Image: Oxford Artisan Distillery

“It has notes of chocolate and caramel. It’s creamy, it’s milky,” says Rosa.

The grains are grown using regenerative farming techniques and near-zero intervention. Several species of crop are also planted together in the same field.

“We see a wonderful diversity of plants returning year after year,” says Rosa. “We’re talking poppies, thistles – plants a farmer often thinks of as weeds. They help with diversity and attract bugs to help us achieve a balanced ecosystem.”